Hi, how we do we determine that males earn more and not females if the difference in pay is positive? can it be the opposite? Thank you

It depends on your null hypothesis equation. If your null hypothesis is based on "Male minus Female" approach, then a postive difference would indicate that Male value is bigger than Female value, and a negative difference would indicate the opposite. If your null hypothesis was based on "Female minus Male" approach, then a positive difference would indicate that Female value is bigger than Male value, and a negative difference would indicate the opposite.

It depends on your null hypothesis equation. If your null hypothesis is based on the "Male minus Female" approach, then a positive difference would indicate that the Male value is bigger than the Female value, and a negative difference would indicate the opposite. If your null hypothesis was based on the "Female minus Male" approach, then a positive difference would indicate that the Female value is bigger than the Male value, and a negative difference would indicate the opposite.